{"id":5565,"date":"2017-04-30T17:09:41","date_gmt":"2017-04-30T21:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lcpllutzlivetotell.org\/?p=5565"},"modified":"2019-08-08T12:58:24","modified_gmt":"2019-08-08T16:58:24","slug":"patient-version","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/?p=5565","title":{"rendered":"Cannabis and Cannabinoids \u2013Patient Version"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Questions and Answers About Cannabis<\/h2>\n<div id=\"_section_3\" class=\"pdq-sections\">\n<ol id=\"_4\">\n<li id=\"_5\"><strong>What is\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_6\" tabindex=\"-1\"><em><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=716285&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Cannabis<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>, also known as\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=285927&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">marijuana<\/a>, is a plant from Central Asia that is grown in many parts of the world today. The\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0plant produces a\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=642508&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">resin<\/a>\u00a0containing\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=422394&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">compounds<\/a>\u00a0called\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=716077&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">cannabinoids<\/a>. Some cannabinoids are psychoactive (acting on the brain and changing mood or consciousness). In the United States,\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0is a\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=716287&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">controlled substance<\/a>\u00a0and has been classified as a Schedule I agent (a\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=348921&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">drug<\/a>\u00a0with a high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use).<\/p>\n<p id=\"_97\" tabindex=\"-1\"><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45961&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Clinical trials<\/a>\u00a0that study medicinal\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45333&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">cancer<\/a>\u00a0are limited. To do research with\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0in the United States, researchers must file an\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=762975&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Investigational New Drug<\/a>\u00a0(IND) application with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), receive a Schedule I license from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and gain approval from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).<\/p>\n<p id=\"_75\" tabindex=\"-1\">By federal law, the possession of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0(marijuana) is illegal in the United States outside of approved research settings. However, a growing number of states, territories, and the District of Columbia have enacted laws to legalize medical marijuana. (See\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/cam\/patient\/cannabis-pdq#link\/_80\">Question 4<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_76\"><strong>What are cannabinoids?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_77\" tabindex=\"-1\"><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=716077&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Cannabinoids<\/a>\u00a0are active\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=643008&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">chemicals<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0that cause drug-like effects throughout the body, including the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46481&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">central nervous system<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46356&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">immune system<\/a>. They are also known as phytocannabinoids. The main active cannabinoid in<em>\u00a0Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0is delta-9-THC. Another active cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), which may relieve pain and lower\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44042&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">inflammation<\/a>\u00a0without causing the &#8220;high&#8221; of delta-9-THC.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_86\" tabindex=\"-1\">Cannabinoids may be useful in treating the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46580&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">side effects<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45333&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">cancer<\/a>\u00a0and cancer treatment.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_87\" tabindex=\"-1\">Other possible effects of cannabinoids include:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_78\">\n<li><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44187&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Anti-inflammatory<\/a>\u00a0activity.<\/li>\n<li>Blocking\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46476&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">cell<\/a>\u00a0growth.<\/li>\n<li>Preventing the growth of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45020&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">blood vessels<\/a>\u00a0that supply\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46634&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">tumors<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46088&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Antiviral<\/a>\u00a0activity.<\/li>\n<li>Relieving muscle\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=463733&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">spasms<\/a>\u00a0caused by\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44135&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">multiple sclerosis<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_7\"><strong>What is the history of the medical use of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_8\" tabindex=\"-1\">The use of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0for medicinal purposes dates back at least 3,000 years. It came into use in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=454743&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Western medicine<\/a>\u00a0in the 19th century and was said to relieve pain, inflammation,\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=463733&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">spasms<\/a>, and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=694456&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">convulsions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_52\" tabindex=\"-1\">In 1937, the U.S. Treasury began taxing\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0under the Marijuana Tax Act at one dollar per\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=330174&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">ounce<\/a>\u00a0for medicinal use and one hundred dollars per ounce for non-medical use. The American Medical Association (AMA) opposed this regulation of<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0and did not want studies of its potential medicinal benefits to be limited. In 1942,\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0was removed from the U.S.\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=285980&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Pharmacopoeia<\/a>\u00a0because of continuing concerns about its safety. In 1951, Congress passed the Boggs Act, which included\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44691&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">narcotic<\/a>\u00a0drugs for the first time.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_53\" tabindex=\"-1\">Under the Controlled Substances Act passed by Congress in 1970, marijuana was classified as a Schedule I drug. Other Schedule I drugs include\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=641798&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">heroin<\/a>, LSD, mescaline, methaqualone, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB).<\/p>\n<p id=\"_30\" tabindex=\"-1\">Although\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0was not believed to have any medicinal use, the U.S. government distributed it to patients on a case-by-case basis under the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46526&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Compassionate Use<\/a><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=762975&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Investigational New Drug<\/a>\u00a0(IND) program started in 1978. This program was closed to new patients in 1992.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_32\" tabindex=\"-1\">Researchers have studied how cannabinoids act on the brain and other parts of the body. Cannabinoid\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44958&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">receptors<\/a>\u00a0(<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45065&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">molecules<\/a>\u00a0that bind cannabinoids) have been discovered in brain cells and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=269443&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">nerve cells<\/a>\u00a0in other parts of the body. The presence of cannabinoid receptors on immune system cells suggests that cannabinoids may have a role in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=468803&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">immunity<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_98\" tabindex=\"-1\">Nabiximols (Sativex) is a\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=407760&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">extract<\/a>\u00a0that contains delta-9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD). Nabiximols is approved in Canada (under the Notice of Compliance with Conditions) for relief of pain in patients with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=478743&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">advanced cancer<\/a>\u00a0or multiple sclerosis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_80\"><strong>If\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0is illegal, how do some cancer patients in the United States use it?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_81\" tabindex=\"-1\">Though federal law prohibits the use of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>, the map below shows the states and territories that have legalized\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0for medical purposes. Some other states have legalized only one ingredient in\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>, such as cannabidiol (CBD), and these states are not included in the map. Medical marijuana laws vary from state to state.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"figure_94\" class=\"image-center\"><a class=\"article-image-enlarge\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/images\/cdr\/live\/CDR774100.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ENLARGE<\/a><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"_94\" title=\"A map showing the U.S. states and territories that have approved  the medical use of Cannabis.\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/images\/cdr\/live\/CDR774100-750.jpg\" alt=\"A map showing the U.S. states and territories that have approved  the medical use of Cannabis.\" \/><figcaption class=\"caption-container\">A map showing the U.S. states and territories that have approved the medical use of Cannabis.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_11\"><strong>How is\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0administered?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_37\" tabindex=\"-1\"><em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0may be taken by mouth or may be\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44600&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">inhaled<\/a>. When taken by mouth (in baked products or as an\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=463714&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">herbal<\/a>\u00a0tea), the main psychoactive ingredient in\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0(delta-9-THC) is processed by the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46312&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">liver<\/a>, making an additional psychoactive chemical.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_66\" tabindex=\"-1\">When\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0is smoked and inhaled, cannabinoids quickly enter the bloodstream. The additional psychoactive chemical is produced in smaller amounts than when taken by mouth.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_67\" tabindex=\"-1\">A growing number of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45961&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">clinical trials<\/a>\u00a0are studying a\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=482419&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">medicine<\/a>\u00a0made from an\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=407760&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">extract<\/a>\u00a0of<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0that contains specific amounts of cannabinoids. This medicine is sprayed under the tongue.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_13\" tabindex=\"1\"><strong>Have any preclinical (laboratory or animal) studies been conducted using<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0or cannabinoids?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_38\" tabindex=\"-1\"><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44517&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Preclinical studies<\/a>\u00a0of cannabinoids have investigated the following:<\/p>\n<p id=\"_46\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Antitumor activity<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_39\">\n<li>Studies in mice and rats have shown that cannabinoids may inhibit tumor growth by causing cell death, blocking cell growth, and blocking the development of blood vessels needed by tumors to grow.\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44512&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Laboratory<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=454774&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">animal studies<\/a>\u00a0have shown that cannabinoids may be able to kill cancer cells while protecting normal cells.<\/li>\n<li>A study in mice showed that cannabinoids may protect against inflammation of the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46462&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">colon<\/a>\u00a0and may have potential in reducing the risk of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44237&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">colon cancer<\/a>, and possibly in its treatment.<\/li>\n<li>A laboratory study of delta-9-THC in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46363&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">hepatocellular carcinoma<\/a>\u00a0(liver cancer) cells showed that it damaged or killed the cancer cells. The same study of delta-9-THC in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=561606&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">mouse models<\/a>\u00a0of liver cancer showed that it had\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=446109&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">antitumor<\/a>effects. Delta-9-THC has been shown to cause these effects by acting on molecules that may also be found in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45323&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">non-small cell lung cancer<\/a>\u00a0cells and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=444971&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">breast cancer<\/a>\u00a0cells.<\/li>\n<li>A laboratory study of cannabidiol (CBD) in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45270&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">estrogen receptor positive<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45272&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">estrogen receptor negative<\/a>\u00a0breast cancer cells showed that it caused cancer cell death while having little effect on normal\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=304766&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">breast<\/a>\u00a0cells. Studies in mouse models of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44058&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">metastatic<\/a>\u00a0breast cancer showed that cannabinoids may lessen the growth, number, and spread of tumors.<\/li>\n<li>A laboratory study of cannabidiol (CBD) in human\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45700&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">glioma<\/a>\u00a0cells showed that when given along with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45214&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">chemotherapy<\/a>, CBD may make chemotherapy more effective and increase cancer cell death without harming normal cells. Studies in mouse models of cancer showed that CBD together with delta-9-THC may make chemotherapy such as\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45387&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">temozolomide<\/a>\u00a0more effective.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_48\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Stimulating appetite<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_50\">\n<li>Many animal studies have shown that delta-9-THC and other cannabinoids stimulate\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=454699&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">appetite<\/a>\u00a0and can increase food intake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_49\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Pain relief<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_51\">\n<li>Cannabinoid receptors (molecules that bind cannabinoids) have been studied in the brain,\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=340937&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">spinal cord<\/a>, and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=373935&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">nerve<\/a>\u00a0endings throughout the body of animals to understand their roles in pain relief.<\/li>\n<li>Cannabinoids have been studied for anti-inflammatory effects that may play a role in pain relief.<\/li>\n<li>Animal studies have shown that cannabinoids may prevent nerve problems (pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, and muscle weakness) caused by some types of chemotherapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_106\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Nausea and vomiting<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_107\">\n<li>Cannabinoid receptors found in brain cells may have a role in controlling\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=390302&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">nausea<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=390324&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">vomiting<\/a>. Animal studies have shown that delta-9-THC and other cannabinoids may act on cannabinoid receptors to prevent vomiting caused by certain types of chemotherapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_101\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Anxiety and sleep<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_102\">\n<li>Cannabinoid receptors found in the brain and other parts of the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=446114&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">nervous system<\/a>\u00a0may be involved in controlling mood and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=430405&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">anxiety<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Anti-anxiety effects of cannabidiol (CBD) have been shown in several\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=43996&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">animal models<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_15\"><strong>Have any clinical trials (research studies with people) of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0or cannabinoid use by cancer patients been conducted?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_59\" tabindex=\"-1\">No clinical trials of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0as a treatment for cancer in humans have been found in the\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?orig_db=PubMed&amp;cmd_current=Limits&amp;pmfilter_Subsets=Complementary+Medicine\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed?orig_db=PubMed&amp;cmd_current=Limits&amp;pmfilter_Subsets=Complementary+Medicine\">CAM on PubMed<\/a>\u00a0database maintained by the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44268&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">National Institutes of Health<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_55\" tabindex=\"-1\"><em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0and cannabinoids have been studied in clinical trials for ways to manage side effects of cancer and cancer\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44737&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">therapies<\/a>, including the following:<\/p>\n<p id=\"_103\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_105\">\n<li>Cannabidiol (CBD) by mouth to treat\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45301&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">solid tumors<\/a>\u00a0that have\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46556&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">recurred<\/a>\u00a0(come back).<\/li>\n<li>An\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44068&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">oral<\/a>\u00a0spray combining 2 cannabinoids (delta-9-THC and CBD) given with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45387&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">temozolomide<\/a>\u00a0to treat\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45862&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">recurrent<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45699&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">glioblastoma multiforme<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Cannabidiol (CBD) to treat acute\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45703&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">graft-versus-host disease<\/a>\u00a0in patients who have undergone\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=270732&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_56\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Nausea and vomiting<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_57\">\n<li>Delta-9-THC taken by mouth: Two cannabinoid drugs approved in the United States are available under the names\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45240&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">dronabinol<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=716290&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">nabilone<\/a>. Both dronabinol and nabilone are approved by the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=454785&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Food and Drug Administration<\/a>(FDA) for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in patients who have not\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44085&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">responded<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44930&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">standard therapy<\/a>. Many clinical trials have shown that both dronabinol and nabilone worked as well as or better than some of the weaker FDA-approved drugs to relieve nausea and vomiting. Newer drugs given for chemotherapy-related nausea have not been directly compared with Cannabis or cannabinoids in cancer patients.<\/li>\n<li>Inhaled<em>\u00a0Cannabis<\/em>: Ten small trials have studied inhaled<em>\u00a0Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. Various study methods and chemotherapy agents were used with mixed results. There is not enough information to interpret these findings.<\/li>\n<li>Oral spray with delta-9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD): Nabiximols, a\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>extract given as a mouth spray, was shown in a small\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45858&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">randomized<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44840&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">placebo-controlled<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45673&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">double-blinded<\/a>\u00a0clinical trial in Spain to treat chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting.<\/li>\n<li>There is growing interest in treating children for\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45022&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">symptoms<\/a>\u00a0such as nausea with\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0and cannabinoids, although studies are limited. The\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en-us\/Pages\/Default.aspx\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en-us\/Pages\/Default.aspx\">American Academy of Pediatrics<\/a><a class=\"icon-exit-notification\" title=\"Exit Disclaimer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/policies\/linking\"><span class=\"hidden\">Exit Disclaimer<\/span><\/a>\u00a0has not endorsed\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0and cannabinoid use because of concerns about brain development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_58\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Stimulating appetite<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_60\">\n<li>Delta-9-THC taken by mouth: A clinical trial compared delta-9-THC (dronabinol) and a standard drug (<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46617&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">megestrol<\/a>) in patients with advanced cancer and loss of appetite. Results showed that delta-9-THC was not as effective in increasing appetite or weight gain in advanced cancer patients compared with standard therapy. However, a clinical trial of patients with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44985&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">HIV<\/a>\u00a0\/<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45950&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">AIDS<\/a>\u00a0and weight loss found that those who took delta-9-THC had increased appetite and stopped losing weight compared with patients who took a\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46688&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">placebo<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Inhaled\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>: There are no published studies of the effect of inhaled<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0on cancer patients with loss of appetite. Studies of healthy people who inhaled\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0showed that they consumed more\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44651&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">calories<\/a>, especially high-fat and sweet snacks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_61\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Pain relief<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_62\">\n<li>Combining cannabinoids with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45054&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">opioids<\/a>: In a small study of 21 patients with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44654&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">chronic pain<\/a>, combining vaporized\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=45400&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">morphine<\/a>\u00a0relieved pain better than morphine alone, while combining vaporized\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0with\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=454764&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">oxycodone<\/a>\u00a0did not produce significantly greater pain relief. These findings should be tested in further studies.<\/li>\n<li>Delta-9-THC taken by mouth: Two small clinical trials of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44068&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">oral<\/a>\u00a0delta-9-THC showed that it relieved cancer pain. In the first study, patients had good pain relief as well as relief of nausea and vomiting and better appetite. A second study showed that delta-9-THC could be given in\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44664&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">doses<\/a>\u00a0that gave pain relief comparable to\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=546735&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">codeine<\/a>. An\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=286105&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">observational study<\/a>\u00a0of nabilone also showed that it relieved cancer pain along with nausea,\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=430405&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">anxiety<\/a>, and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=454701&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">distress<\/a>\u00a0when compared with no treatment. Neither dronabinol nor nabilone is approved by the FDA for pain management.<\/li>\n<li><em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0plant extract medicine: A study of an extract of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0that contained specific amounts of cannabinoids, which was sprayed under the tongue, found it was effective in patients with advanced cancer whose pain was not relieved by strong opioids alone. Patients who received the lower doses of cannabinoid spray showed markedly better pain control and less sleep loss compared with patients who received a placebo. Results showed that, for some patients, control of their cancer-related pain continued without needing higher doses of spray or higher doses of their other pain medicines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_63\" tabindex=\"-1\"><strong>Anxiety and sleep<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_64\">\n<li>Inhaled\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>: A small\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=44006&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">case series<\/a>\u00a0found that patients who inhaled\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>had improved mood, improved sense of well-being, and less anxiety.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_17\"><strong>Have any side effects or risks been reported from\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0and cannabinoids?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_43\" tabindex=\"-1\">Adverse side effects of cannabinoids may include:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_44\">\n<li>Rapid beating of the heart.<\/li>\n<li>Low\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=462668&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">blood pressure<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Muscle relaxation.<\/li>\n<li>Bloodshot eyes.<\/li>\n<li>Slowed\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=463707&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">digestion<\/a>\u00a0and movement of food by the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46604&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">stomach<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46335&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">intestines<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Dizziness.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=430479&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Depression<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=476341&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Hallucinations<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=468802&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Paranoia<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_90\" tabindex=\"-1\">Because\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0smoke contains many of the same substances as\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=439432&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">tobacco<\/a>\u00a0smoke, there are concerns about how inhaled cannabis affects the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=270740&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">lungs<\/a>. A study of over 5,000 men and women without cancer over a period of 20 years found that smoking tobacco was linked with some loss of lung function but that occasional and low use of cannabis was not linked with loss of lung function.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_92\" tabindex=\"-1\">Because use of\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0over a long time may have harmful effects on the\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=468796&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">endocrine<\/a>and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=46564&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">reproductive systems<\/a>, rates of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=695185&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">testicular germ cell tumors<\/a>\u00a0(TGCTs) in\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>users have been studied. Larger studies that follow patients over time and laboratory studies of cannabinoid receptors in TGCTs are needed to find if there is a link between\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0use and a higher risk of TGCTs.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_93\" tabindex=\"-1\">A review of\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=444968&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">bladder cancer<\/a>\u00a0rates in\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0users and non-users was done in over 84,000 men who took part in the California Men&#8217;s Health Study. Over 16 years of follow-up and adjusting for age, race\/ethnic group and\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=455136&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">body mass index<\/a>\u00a0(BMI), rates of bladder cancer were found to be 45% lower in\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0users than in men who did not report\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0use.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_45\" tabindex=\"-1\">Both\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0and cannabinoids may be addictive.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_69\" tabindex=\"-1\">Symptoms of withdrawal from cannabinoids may include:<\/p>\n<div class=\"pdq-content-list\">\n<ul id=\"_70\">\n<li>Irritability.<\/li>\n<li>Trouble sleeping.<\/li>\n<li>Restlessness.<\/li>\n<li><a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=256567&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">Hot flashes<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Nausea and cramping (rarely occur).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"_65\" tabindex=\"-1\">These symptoms are mild compared to withdrawal from\u00a0<a class=\"definition\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/Common\/PopUps\/popDefinition.aspx?id=413953&amp;version=patient&amp;language=English&amp;dictionary=Cancer.gov\" type=\"GlossaryTermRefs\">opiates<\/a>\u00a0and usually lessen after a few days.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_19\"><strong>Are\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0or cannabinoids approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a cancer treatment in the United States?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_72\" tabindex=\"-1\">The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not approved\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0or cannabinoids for use as a cancer treatment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"_73\"><strong>Are\u00a0<em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0or cannabinoids approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a treatment for cancer-related symptoms or side effects of cancer therapy?<\/strong>\n<p id=\"_88\" tabindex=\"-1\"><em>Cannabis<\/em>\u00a0is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of any cancer-related symptom or side effect of cancer therapy.<\/p>\n<p id=\"_71\" tabindex=\"-1\">Two cannabinoids (dronabinol and nabilone) are approved by the FDA for the treatment of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting in patients who have not responded to standard therapy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>retrieved from: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-cancer\/treatment\/cam\/patient\/cannabis-pdq#link\/_13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Questions and Answers About Cannabis What is\u00a0Cannabis? Cannabis\u00a0, also known as\u00a0marijuana, is a plant from Central Asia that is grown in many parts of the world today. The\u00a0Cannabis\u00a0plant produces a\u00a0resin\u00a0containing\u00a0compounds\u00a0called\u00a0cannabinoids. Some cannabinoids are psychoactive (acting on the brain and changing mood or consciousness). In the United States,\u00a0Cannabis\u00a0is a\u00a0controlled substance\u00a0and has &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[617],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cannabis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5565","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5565\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lutzlivetotell.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}