The last decades have been a time of active research and discovery in the fields of psychotropic medication, the identification and classification of psychiatric disorders, and the physiology of higher brain functions, such as emotions, memory, or consciousness. A very impressive effort has been made at the international level to reach a consensus for making reliable psychiatric diagnoses, which represents a huge progress. In this article, we explore the nature of the relationship between psychopharmacology, psychiatric symptomatology, and higher brain functions.